| Hazrat
Mirza is not saying here that only a prophet receives
news of the unseen from God, and that a muhaddas
does not. The discussion here is not on the concept and
definition of prophet and muhaddas in Islamic
theology. It is about the meaning of the words nabi
and muhaddas in the Arabic language, i.e. the root
or linguistic meaning. In the August 1899 letter reproduced
earlier, Hazrat Mirza makes it quite plain that 'one who
receives news of the unseen from God' is only the root
meaning of nabi, and that an actual prophet in
Islamic terminology is in an entirely higher class than
being merely a recipient of revelation.
Similarly, as may be seen
from extracts given above, he has clearly described a muhaddas
as receiving revelation and news of the unseen from God,
and has claimed to be a muhaddas in these terms.
For example, as quoted above, he says about a muhaddas
that:
"...he has the
privilege of communication with God, and matters of
the unseen are disclosed to him, and his revelation,
like the revelation of messengers and prophets, is
also protected against interference by the
devil." (Tauzih Maram, pp. 9-10)
See also the three
quotations in Note 14, the first being as follows:
"God says: 'He does not make His unseen known to
anyone except a rasul whom He chooses'. The word rasul
is general, and included within it are rasul, nabi
and muhaddas" (A'inah Kamalat Islam,
p. 332), which also show that a muhaddas receives
knowledge of the unseen from God.
Similarly, he wrote:
"I am a muhaddas
and Allah speaks to me as He speaks to those who are muhaddases.
Allah knows that He has bestowed upon me this
rank." (Hamamat al-Bushra, 1894,
p. 79)
As regards this passage in
Ayk Ghalati Ka Izala, theng lines of
the paragraph make the meaning clear. He writes:
" ... according
to this sense I do not deny prophethood
and messengership",
and
"it is in this
sense that the Promised Messiah has been
called nabi in Hadith".
And what is that sense? As
shown in Notes 20 and 21, it is the root or linguistic
sense of the word nabi, not the sense of prophet
in the terminology of Islamic theology. He then adds:
"If one who
receives news of the unseen from God is not to be
called nabi",
that is, in terms of the linguistic
meaning,
"tell us what he
should be called?"
If the reply is given that
he should be called muhaddas,
"I say that in no
lexicon is the meaning of tahdees
'making known the unseen' ."
Here he is simply dealing
with the linguistic meanings of the words nabi and
muhaddas, and explaining that only the word nabi,
and not the word muhaddas, has the linguistic,
dictionary meaning of 'one who receives knowledge of the
unseen from God'. He is neither denying that a muhaddas
receives knowledge of the unseen from God, nor is he
claiming to be a prophet rather than a muhaddas.
Confirmation by
Qadianis
It is remarkable that,
shortly before the Qadianis invented the doctrine that
Hazrat Mirza Ghulam Ahmad claimed to be a prophet in Ayk
Ghalati Ka Izala, one of them also wrote that
Hazrat Mirza is here not denying being a muhaddas
but is only discussing the literal meaning of this word.
In 1914 one Hafiz Raushan
Ali, a Qadiani religious scholar, answered an objection
from the opponents of the Ahmadiyya Movement as follows:
"Objection: In Tauzih
Maram you [i.e. Hazrat Mirza] call yourself a muhaddas
and say that a muhaddas too is a prophet in
one sense. But now in this poster you write that 'my
title cannot be muhaddas because in no lexicon
does the word tahdees convey the meaning of
disclosing the unseen'.
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Answer: We say that
there could only have been a contradiction between
these two places if there was an affirmation of being
a muhaddas in a certain sense, and then a
denial made with regard to the same sense. But here
the senses in the two places are different.
Therefore, in accordance with the principle, lau
l-al-i'tibaraat la-batal-al-hikma, your alleged
contradiction disappears. In the poster [Ayk
Ghalati Ka Izala], he has made the denial in the
sense that in Arabic lexicology the meaning of tahdees
is not that of disclosing the unseen. And in Tauzih
Maram he has made the affirmation in terms of the
technical meaning, despite having made it explicit
there that a muhaddas is also a prophet in a
sense.'' (Tashhiz al-Azhan, October
1914, vol. ix, no. 10)
Tashhiz al-Azhan
was a magazine founded and edited by Mirza Bashir-ud-Din
Mahmud Ahmad, and the issue cited above dates from a few
months after the split in the Ahmadiyya Movement,
when he had become head of the Qadianis. The answer given
here by a Qadiani scholar is the same as the explanation
which we have given above, namely, that Hazrat Mirza is
not changing his earlier view (as expressed in Tauzih
Maram, for example) about what a muhaddas is,
and now saying that he was not a muhaddas but a
prophet. He is not discussing the Islamic concept of muhaddas
(according to which he is a muhaddas), but the
meaning of this word in Arabic.
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